- What is the difference between KB and KiB?
- KB (kilobyte) = 1,000 bytes in the SI/decimal system used by storage manufacturers. KiB (kibibyte) = 1,024 bytes in the IEC binary system used by operating systems. A "500 GB" hard drive is 500,000,000,000 bytes, which Windows shows as ~465 GiB. This discrepancy is why your OS shows less space than the box says.
- Why does Windows show less storage than the drive label says?
- Drive manufacturers use decimal units (1 GB = 1,000,000,000 bytes). Windows reports in binary units (1 GB = 1,073,741,824 bytes). A 1 TB drive contains 1,000,000,000,000 bytes, which Windows reports as ~931 GB (actually gibibytes). The physical storage is the same — only the display unit differs.
- How many bytes are in a gigabyte?
- In the SI (decimal) system: 1 GB = 1,000,000,000 bytes (10⁹). In the IEC (binary) system: 1 GiB = 1,073,741,824 bytes (2³⁰). For a 4K video file labeled "2 GB", it is 2,000,000,000 bytes = 1.862 GiB as your operating system would show.
- What is the largest file size unit?
- Beyond terabytes (TB/TiB): petabyte (PB, 10¹⁵ bytes), exabyte (EB, 10¹⁸), zettabyte (ZB, 10²¹), yottabyte (YB, 10²⁴). The total amount of data created globally per year is now measured in zettabytes. A single petabyte of text would take thousands of years to read.
- How do I convert MB to GB?
- Divide by 1,000 for decimal units: 2,500 MB ÷ 1,000 = 2.5 GB. Divide by 1,024 for binary units: 2,500 MiB ÷ 1,024 = 2.44 GiB. Use this converter to get both values instantly and see the difference between the two systems.
- What file size units do internet speeds use?
- Internet speeds are measured in bits per second (Mbps, Gbps), not bytes. To convert download speed to file download time: divide file size in megabits by speed in Mbps. A 100 MB file = 800 megabits; at 100 Mbps it takes about 8 seconds. Note: your ISP's "100 Mbps" plan means megabits, not megabytes.
- How big is a typical photo, video, or document?
- Approximate file sizes: JPEG photo (12MP): 3–6 MB. RAW photo: 20–40 MB. 1 minute HD video (H.264): 150–500 MB. 1 minute 4K video: 500 MB–2 GB. MP3 song (3 min): 3–10 MB. PDF document (10 pages): 100 KB–5 MB. Word document: 50–500 KB.